Head and Neck Tumors: Diagnosis + Treatment!

Malignant head and neck tumors are a type of cancer that develop in various parts of the head and neck, including the mouth, throat, sinuses, and salivary glands. Due to the diversity of their locations and the types of cells involved, these tumors are divided into different groups. Below, we explore the types of these tumors, their causes, diagnostic and treatment methods, and prevention strategies.

Types of Head and Neck Tumors

Head and neck tumors vary depending on their location:

• Esthesioneuroblastoma: A rare tumor that forms in the nasal cavity, often occurring in individuals aged 50 to 60.
• Floor of Mouth Cancer: Develops under the tongue and is diagnosed by the presence of sores or lumps.
• Lip Cancer: Usually forms on the lower lip and can appear anywhere on the lip.
• Nasal and Paranasal Tumors: Occur in the main nasal passage.
• Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A mass that forms behind the nose and above the throat.
• Salivary Gland Tumors: Develop in one of the three major pairs of salivary glands in the body.
• Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck: Primarily caused by prolonged exposure to sunlight.
• Soft Palate Cancer: Forms at the top of the back of the mouth.
• Laryngeal Cancer: Develops in the throat or larynx.
• Tonsil Cancer: Forms in the tonsils, which play a key role in the immune system.

Causes of Head and Neck Cancer

Changes in the DNA of cells lead to their abnormal growth and the formation of cancerous masses. Factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, HPV infection, sun exposure, and air pollution can increase the risk of developing these types of cancers.

Diagnostic Methods

To diagnose head and neck tumors, doctors use various methods:

• Imaging: CT and MRI scans to get a detailed view of the tumors.
• Biopsy: Sampling from the suspicious mass to examine the cellular tissue.
• Exfoliative Cytology: Examination of surface cells to identify cancerous cells.

Treatment of Head and Neck Tumors

Treatment varies depending on the type and location of the tumor:

• Surgery: Removal of the cancerous mass from the body.
• Radiation Therapy: Use of high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells, performed either externally or internally.
• Chemotherapy: Use of chemical drugs orally or intravenously to control the growth of cancer cells.
• Targeted Drug Therapy: Use of drugs that specifically target cancer cells and minimize damage to healthy tissues.

Symptoms of Head and Neck Tumors

Symptoms vary depending on the location of the tumor:

• Oral and Laryngeal Cancer: Lump in the neck, sore throat, bloody cough, hoarseness, and loose teeth.
• Nasal Cancer: Persistent nosebleeds and nasal congestion.
• Other Symptoms: Ear pain and unintentional weight loss.

Prevention of Head and Neck Cancer

The risk of head and neck tumors can be reduced by avoiding tobacco use, limiting alcohol consumption, receiving the HPV vaccine, and using sunscreen. Additionally, regular medical checkups are essential for early detection.

When Should You See a Doctor?

If you notice any of the mentioned symptoms or specific changes in the head and neck area, it is best to consult a specialist immediately.

Final Thoughts

Head and neck tumors are highly diverse, and the treatment for each depends on the location and type of tumor. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and regular medical care can help reduce the risk of developing these types of cancers.