Genetic testing for cancer is a diagnostic method used to detect genetic mutations or alterations in DNA. These changes may increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer or indicate the presence of cancer in the body. This test is typically performed in the following cases:
Assessing Cancer Risk
If there is a strong family history of cancer (such as breast, ovarian, colorectal, or prostate cancer), genetic testing can determine whether an individual carries genes that increase their risk of developing cancer. Some of the key cancer-related genes include:
- BRCA1 and BRCA2: Associated with breast and ovarian cancer.
- MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2: Linked to colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome).
- TP53 and PTEN: Associated with various types of cancer.
How is the Test Performed?
This test is typically conducted using a sample of blood, saliva, or tissue. The collected sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis to detect specific genetic mutations.
Who Should Get Tested?
- Individuals with a strong family history of cancer.
- Those diagnosed with cancer at an unusually young age.
- People with multiple cases of cancer in their family or personal history.
Microscope
By undergoing genetic testing for cancer, you can assess the likelihood of developing certain cancers such as breast, ovarian, colorectal, and prostate cancer, allowing for early prevention or treatment.
Genetic Counseling
Genetic counseling is recommended before and after testing to ensure a clear understanding of the results and available options.
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